What’s really in your sunscreen? Balancing the risks and benefits

In a recent episode of the popular science podcast Living Planet, I had the opportunity to discuss a topic close to my research focus: sunscreen. While sunscreen is a vital tool for protecting skin from harmful UV rays, its formulations, efficacy and broader impact on health and the environment deserve closer scrutiny.

How sunscreens work — and why it matters

Sunscreen works by incorporating UV filters that absorb or reflect ultraviolet radiation, shielding the skin from sunburn and long-term damage. However, not all UV filters are the same. Ingredients like oxybenzone and octinoxate, commonly used in chemical sunscreens, have raised concerns due to their potential endocrine-disrupting effects and harmful impact on marine ecosystems. In the podcast, I explore the different categories of UV filters and highlight advancements in artificial intelligence that are helping us better understand how these chemicals interact with the skin.

The environmental impact of sunscreens

Beyond human health, sunscreen ingredients have an undeniable environmental footprint. When sunscreen washes off during swimming or bathing, chemicals can enter aquatic ecosystems. Studies have shown that these chemicals can have toxic effects on marine life such as coral reefs. In fact, environmental concerns have led to bans of oxybenzone and octinoxate in places like Hawaii. An alternative is to use physical sunscreen, which relies on zinc oxide and titanium oxide — but even then, it’s best to read the bottle carefully.

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Making smarter choices

By choosing the right products and understanding how to use them properly, consumers can protect themselves while minimizing risks to health and the environment. In the podcast, I share tips on how to implement proper sunscreen use, such as timely rinsing and reapplication after 2 hours.

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Learn more about sunscreen science

If you’re curious to listen to the full story—how sunscreens work, the science behind their potential risks and what you can do to make informed choices—I invite you to listen to the full podcast episode. It’s a deep dive into the science, safety and sustainability of sunscreen use, with plenty of practical advice for consumers and professionals alike. Understanding the impact of sunscreen isn’t just about making better products, it’s about protecting our health and the planet. I hope this conversation inspires you to look at sunscreen from a new perspective.

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Listen to the podcast: Why You’d Better Check the Sunscreen You Use